By James Jornyoun, Contributor.

In recent years I have had the opportunity to interact with people who have visited Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia. I overheard people talking about how the City of Monrovia has become densely populated. I am amazed by the response I get when I asked the same people what they think should be done regarding the densely populated Monrovia. I get the obvious response such as “The Government needs to do something about it,” or “some of Monrovia’s current residents are people from the heartland of Liberia.” As a result of the dense population, there are limited parking spaces. In addition to regular taxi cabs and buses for public transportation, motor cycles, (commonly called “pan pan”) are used as a major form of public transportation, creating an eye sore and an element of danger. Motor cycles were rarely used for commercial transportation in Monrovia prior to the crises; now they are a major source of accidents in the city.

Before going into the issues of Monrovia’s dense population, let’s look at some historical synopses of Monrovia, Liberia. By looking at these historical analyses we will be able to understand the underlying cause of the problem the City of Monrovia has with regard to the population density. We will also be able to create balance instead of shifting blames on the 14 years civil crisis that overwhelmed Monrovia as well as the entire country. The City of Monrovia was established by the American Colonization Society in 1822 as a home for freed slaves. Monrovia was named in honor of James Monroe, the 5^th President of the United States. When the City of Monrovia was founded in 1822, it was isolated from the rest of the country. Even after Liberia’s independence in 1847, Monrovia was not opened to the rest of the country.

Monrovia, at the time was the face of Liberia with no adequate roads leading to the interior of the country. For example, economic, educational, and political activities were all centered on Monrovia. As well as Infrastructure development, import & export enhanced by the presence of the Freeport of Monrovia. Moreover, with the lack of adequate access to the interior of Liberia, educational advancements were hindered. We can now see why the illiteracy rate in Liberia has risen to 80 percent or more.  Tribal group started to move from the interior of Liberia to Monrovia looking for employment around 1926. Data – In 1943 when William V. S. Tubman became President of Liberia after 8 years in office, he granted women and indigenous the right to vote in 1951 for the first time in presidential election.

All of them levitra on line http://www.slovak-republic.org/symbols/flag/ are made of Sildenafil citrate. According to statistics, 70% of men, who take ED pills, experience slight generic levitra for sale headache and back pain, dizziness and fainting. This problem occurs on the gastrointestinal area but not generic sales viagra because of structure problems but mainly because of its unique pulp which has the right combination of empathy and firmness to guide him. This in essence means that viagra 25 mg or other brand names, once evacuated by the body, can no longer stimulate an erection. Although it took so many years after independence for economic, educational, and political activities to reach the heartland of Liberia, Monrovia like any other developing nation’s capital has always been the place of attraction and provision of opportunities for the rest of the country. By virtue of the fact that government plays a major role in opening economic and educational opportunities, Monrovia at this point in time embeds quality of hope to displaced and returning Liberians. There are positive aspects to the densely populated Monrovia, such as short-term and long-term economic benefits. A)The short-term economic benefit is a learning curve that will lead to innovation and self-reliance.

B) The long-term benefit of the dense population of Monrovia will create a drive to modernization of the country and the growth of new ideas for industrialization that will lead to competition with the rest of the developing countries in the sub-region. Let’s look at the nation of Japan for example; Japan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Evidence of innovations and economic strength from Japan’s four major islands comprising of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku with a population of 128 million can be seen throughout the world. The City of Monrovia with its 1,010,970 population (National Census, 2008) will benefit economic success from the huge population in time to come. I am very aware of the negative aspects of a densely populated city, such as high cost of living, higher unemployment, threat to disease and crime but I am equally aware of the economic and educational benefits such as industrialization, productivity and competitive advantage.

Despite the civil crisis, movement toward the cities started in the 1960s for most developing countries, and in the 1980s for China-The Mystery of Capital, 2000. According to Hernando De Soto (The Mystery of Capital, 2000), “Since Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms began in 1979, 100 million Chinese have left their official homes in search of extralegal jobs.” If you look around, you are most likely to see a product made in China. Let me share a story written by Bruce Whatley about three little pigs that lived together in an old house along with seventy-three other little pigs. One day the three little pigs decided to leave home and to build their own houses. The first pig built his house out of straw, and the second little pig built his house out of sticks, and the third little pig built his house out of bricks.

What we can all learn from this story is a lesson of innovation and continuous improvement when we are at the point of transition by discovering our potentials that will enable us to make things better. Monrovia is at the point of economic development that will spread to the rest of the country because everyone is learning from the opportunity that Monrovia provides. © Newlinkafrica.com. To submit article for publication: Info@newlinkafrica.com. Email or contact us at:info@newlinkafrica.com

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Last week President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in Yobe and Borno states, as well as Plateau state in central Nigeria and Niger state in the west, following a surge in ethnic and sectarian violence. Adamawa, which borders Borno state where Boko Haram emerged, was not included. More than 500 people have been killed by the group over the past year. President Jonathan, who is a Christian, has vowed to crack down on the group but Christian groups have accused him of not doing enough to protect them. Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor, president of the Christian Association of Nigeria, said his members would protect themselves against the attacks.

“We have the legitimate right to defend ourselves. We’re also saying today that we will do whatever it takes” he said. The pattern of the killings suggested “systematic ethnic and religious cleansing”, he added. The pastor declined to be specific about how Christians would defend themselves, raising fears of retaliation and an escalation of the violence. At least 17 people were killed in Mubi, in Adamawa, as gunmen opened fire in a town hall where members of the Christian Igbo group were meeting. They had been meeting to organise how to transport the body of an Igbo man who was shot dead by gunmen on motorbikes on Thursday evening.

“It was while they were holding the meeting that gunmen came and opened fire on them,” a resident said. More attacks on a church and hairdressing salon in Adamawa’s capital, Yola, left more than 10 dead. The attacks prompted state governor Murtala Nyako to impose a 24-hour curfew. Security was tightened and troops were seen patrolling the streets. A resident in Yola says all shops and businesses are closed and only essential services are being allowed through the deserted town. Meanwhile people fled the streets of the town of Potiskum, in Yobe state, after an attack on banks and the police headquarters followed by a shoot-out between gunmen and security forces. “We are afraid the soldiers will raid and burn our homes like they do in Maiduguri each time Boko Haram attack,” local resident Amiru Umar told AFP.

The Islamist Boko Haram group said it had carried out the attacks in Mubi and Yola, and another in Gombe on Thursday night in which at least six people died. The group has staged numerous attacks in northern and central areas in recent months – on Christmas Day it attacked a church near the capital, Abuja, killing dozens of people. Boko Haram, whose name means ‘Western education is forbidden’, is fighting to overthrow the government and create an Islamic state. Meanwhile, the government is also facing the bleak prospect of a general strike in two days’ time amid popular fury over its removal of a fuel subsidy which has seen fuel prices double for ordinary Nigerians. The BBC’s Mark Lobel in Lagos says the strike will overstretch the military, which already appears to have lost control of the situation in the north-east. On Saturday Mr Jonathan announced new austerity measures which he said were designed to help mitigate the pain felt by higher fuel prices. The measures included the cutting of government salaries by 25% and a ban on all but essential official international travel, he said.

President Mubarak

Cairo (CNN) — Prosecutors in the trial of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak formally requested a penalty of death by hanging for Mubarak and several of his fellow defendants Thursday, an attorney at the court said. Mubarak is accused of ordering protesters killed during the country’s uprising last year, and of corruption. He denies the charges. Khaled Abu Bakr, a civil rights lawyer representing the families of victims at the trial, told CNN that prosecutors requested death by hanging for Mubarak, former Egyptian Interior Minister Habib El Adly and four of his six aides.

They asked for the maximum jail sentence for the two other aides on trial, Abu Bakr said. The prosecutors’ request came on the last of three days of prosecution arguments in a Cairo courtroom. The hearing will resume Monday, when civil rights lawyers will present their case against the defendants. Two of Mubarak’s sons are also on trial on a variety of charges. The sons, Gamal and Alaa, also have pleaded not guilty. Prosecutors also presented evidence Thursday in the corruption case against Mubarak, Abu Bakr said. Mubarak allegedly broke the law by allowing a friend, businessman Hussein Salem, to export gas to Israel by way of a private company Salem owned without offering the bid to a public tender, Abu Bakr cited prosecutors as saying. That resulted in huge losses of money to Egypt, they said.
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Salem is also accused in the case. He was arrested by Interpol in Spain several months ago but has not yet been extradited to Egypt. Abu Bakr has said he expects a verdict in Mubarak’s trial before January 25, the date on which the uprising began last year. It brought Mubarak’s 30-year rule to an end in February. Many Egyptians have criticized the court proceedings and some worry that Mubarak may be acquitted of the murder charges. Five police officers accused of killing protesters were acquitted last week. Mubarak’s health has been in question since his detention began in April, as reports of cancer and heart problems surfaced in the news media.

He has been wheeled in on a stretcher for his court appearances. Adel Saeed, a spokesman for prosecutor Mustapha Suleiman, said Wednesday the prosecution has evidence that the regime used “thugs” against the protesters. “The defendants before you in the cage are the actual instigators and are the ones who gave police officers the order to shoot,” Suleiman said, according to Saeed. The defendants are accused of killing 225 protesters and injuring more than 1,300, Saeed said. Amnesty International had estimated more than 840 protesters were killed and 6,000 injured. Saeed said the prosecutor’s estimate is lower “because there has been a differentiation between those killed outside police stations while attacking the precinct and those shot while protesting.”

 CNN) — One of Senegal’s most popular musicians  has announced his candidacy in February’s presidential elections. Speaking on his television network TFM, N’Dour said his motivation to run for president was influenced by what he called “a supreme patriotic duty to do more for my country.”

Indeed, N’Dour is one of Senegal’s most popular faces on the international stage, a celebrated musician who has won many awards including a Grammy in 2005. N’Dour will run against current president Abdoulaye Wade, whose bid for a third term is proving controversial. In June last year, thousands of protesters clashed with police capital Dakar after President Wade proposed changes to the constitution that his critics alleged were meant to make it easy for him to win reelection. The proposed changes reduced the percentage of votes need to avoid a runoff from 50% to 25%. West Africa has a history of military coups and civil wars but Senegal is a rare exception. It has never experienced a military coup. However, the rising political tension in the run-up to the February presidential election is cause for worry.

Speaking of his candidacy, N’Dour said Senegal deserves better and is prepared to do whatever it takes to ensure that the country does not take the path of violence seen in other countries in the region during election period. “We have to continue to communicate the message of peace and tolerance and this is what my presidency will advocate if elected” N’Dour said. Biram Gueye, a Dakar-based political analyst, said while there is no doubt that N’Dour has been a very successful and celebrated musician with large following among young people, it is difficult to guess whether he can galvanize this into political support.

“Political support in Senegal is influenced by not any ideological lineage but rather familiarity with the terrain and experience in the field and this is what Youssou N’Dour lacks,” he said. We have to continue to communicate the message of peace and tolerance and this is what my presidency will advocate if elected
Youssou N’Dour, singer. In the streets of Dakar, however, opinion is mixed. While some welcome N’Dour’s desire to run for the presidency, others are cautious. “The political arena is like a mine field and I prefer Youssou not to venture into it because if he doesn’t win, it could have some dent on his music career,” said Amet Seck, a university student.

Gueye agreed.

“Before, many in Senegal saw Youssou as a neutral unifier through his music. But from now on a section of the society, especially supporters of the ruling party, have began viewing him differently.” But perhaps the most difficult issue for N’Dour’s presidential bid is how to deal with a constitutional clause that sets a minimum educational qualification of high school certificate to be able to run as president. N’Dour lacks a formal education. His answer is that the presidency is a function and not a job. “It’s true, I haven’t pursued higher education but I have proved my competence, commitment, rigor and efficiency time and time again. I have studied at the school of the world. Travel teaches as much as books,” he said.

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